Bullying And Its Effects On Social Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1172 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Bullying Essay Cyber Bullying Essay Did you like this example? While some teenagers get affected by the pressure of having to react to posts of their friends or respond to messages, others fear not being in the social loop. Called FOMO (fear of missing out), teens obsessively check their media feeds for updates by friends as they don’t want to miss out on jokes, activities, parties, and gossip. FOMO is also known to lead to depression and anxiety while being a major contributor to teenagers’ heavy use of social media. It is very common to see children spending great quality of their time using other social media, resulting them to have an Internet addiction. It creates an addictive habit for children due to constantly checking the news feed from different social sites. Adolescents are the one who gets addicted to social media easily because they end up spending hours and each day watching videos, photos and other contents that are posted by their online friends. This addiction can disrupt their other interaction and activities, such as school works, study, and relationships, and other daily routines because they end up wasting a substantial amount of time on social media. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Bullying And Its Effects On Social Media" essay for you Create order Nowadays people are being obsessed with social media where there are many possibilities of losing touch with realities resulting them to become an anti-social person because they are spending lots of time on social media than interacting and communicating directly with people. There are also a lot of negative consequences if you use social media all day. The theory has suggested that teenagers are spending a substantial amount of time on social media that they cannot even do other important activities without checking their social accounts. â€Å"It seems that the more technology we acquire, the more stressed out we become. According to the experts, almost 20% of people with social media accounts cannot go more than three hours without checking them† (Gosselt, De Jong, and Van Hoof, 2012). The researcher also studies that media can be harmful to children because it might contain violence guidelines which can influence their behaviors and mental process. Some of the children do realize that they are wasting their time on social media, and it can affect their mood negatively, but they are not stopping from using them because they become an obsession with themselves and end up posting endless updates and selfies which can increase the narcissism in adolescences. Their moods depend on how their photos are being appreciated by others in media, and they become depressed when no one pays attention as they expected. Having their own social sites account makes children more self-centered and depression. In social media, selfies become the most popular thing to take for adolescences on their phones. They would take selfies and make stories every hour and posting it on social media. These behaviors strongly linked to narcissism and it can cause obsessions with looks. Therefore, some selfie addicts have done many dangerous things which have ended fatally because they are participating and filming themselves in social media challenges that invol ve engaging in absurd or dangerous activities, such as taking pictures with dangerous animals, climbing the high building, playing with fire, and many more. Indirect communication Social media can keep the children occupied hours and hours until the way to their past bedtime. They keep themselves too busy that they are not communicating face to face with others because they are more likely to do texting or chatting on their phones. In the modern era, children are learning to do their communication while looking at the screen resulting them to missed out real-time interaction where they can learn from each other. In addition, children are missing out the critical social skills because every answer is provided in social media that children can just look up without discussing or communicating with others. Influence on health Social media has bad effects on children mental health such as it can cause them anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), impulsive disorder, and loneliness. Children might start to compare their life with others because social media is more than just sharing things with others. In addition, spending too much time on online can cause illnesses such as eye problems, neck pain, and lower back problems, and many more. The effects on children are much stronger and it can also delay their emotional and social development. In addition, using various social media lead to a decline in subjective of children’s well-being because some become anxious and moody as they see that the lives of their friends are better than theirs, even though they may know that their representation is idealized. The more they relay in social media, they feel worse on a daily basis because they feel less satisfied with their lives compared to others. Teens are also seemed to be suffering from depression after spending too much time on social networking sites. Furthermore, social media platforms had a negative effect on the brains of adolescence because it can infantilize their brains since they do not develop skills to face life and have no guidance to teaches them critical skills and support them mentally and emotionally. In extreme cases of cyberbullying, many adolescences had made an attempt to suicide because they fall depression from bullying. Children are always being attacked through social media in messaging or other sites. This situation can lead â€Å"child acquires from viewing violence are likely to influence the childs behavior in the long term† (Bushman and Huesmann, 2006). They would eventually start to feel their lives is meaningless and hopeless resulting them to think that suicide is the only path out of the torments. Relationship Screen relationships also detract real-life relationships and building social skills in children and teenagers. If they rely on social media, children will grow up without learning verbal cues and facial gestures of people. Social interaction is critical to developing the skills needed to understand other people’s moods and emotions. Hence children who would grow up interacting with social media may turn out to be poor at communicating with others. Another article’s evidence suggests bullying can increase the aggression in adolescence and have a problem on their behaviors such as drug use, delinquency, and violence. In addition, the article discusses bullying can relate to depression in adolescence and suggested that it can influence their relationships. Children with bullying experiences are more likely to demonstrate aggressive or violent behavior because they are not able to self-regulate their behavior. They also have trouble asking or accepting help from others, and they also have poor academic performance because they get ignored by their peers. In this situation, they might develop self-esteem issues, depression, and stress which makes children less likely to focus their energy on academic achievement and social skills. Due to social media effect on child development, children are lacking the ability to engage and have interaction with others and themselves. They end up living for social media feeds while missing out on the actual experience of the event, which may be a spending time with their families or friends.

Flannery OConnor and Her Southern Gothic Style - 1187 Words

Flannery O’Connor, known for her original Southern Gothic style of prose has been titled â€Å"the master of the short story† (O’Connor). Her application of symbolism and the themes of Southern religion deem her as one of the most influential writers in American history. Born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 and raised in the South, O’Connor was socialized as a member of the Catholic Church which proves evident throughout her writings. She studied journalism at the University of Iowa, but quickly migrated back to the South where she wrote most of her works: two novels, 32 short stories, and a number of commentaries and reviews. When diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, the same illness that killed her father when she was young, she†¦show more content†¦Tranquility is another moral of the South within Christianity. Although not associated with Southern religion, tranquility is necessary in the way of maintaining peace by not causing trouble, a Southern mother’s favorite phrase, and especially avoiding disturbances on Sundays, the Sabbath day. Tranquility, for example, exists as the peace in sleepy towns. According to O’Connor, peace can be difficult to find, as avowed by J. John of Challenge Newsline, â€Å"in a hectic world full of stress, tranquility has become one of the most valuable of commodities,† or it can award itself upon people of faith, as in most of her stories (â€Å"Pause for†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). People of Christianity uphold tranquility as a standard for other religious people surrounding themselves. During the scene in â€Å"Good Country People† when the bible salesman approaches Mrs. Hopewell about purchasing bibles, she does not accept the invitation, but agrees with him that â€Å"good country people are the salt of the Earth† (O’Connor 188). One could interpret â€Å"good country people† as people that are â€Å"genuine,† hospitable, kind, and Chris tian. O’Connor grants peace to her morally correct characters, but reserves â€Å"suffering†¦ [to people who] are never transformed by it, principally because they are fixed in their secular or self-centered minds† as stated by Davis Leigh, Professor of Philosophy in Religion, in his journal, Suffering and the Sacred inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Southern Gothic 1566 Words   |  7 PagesMyszkowski English 1102 17 April 2016 Southern Gothic Literature In the 19th century, the Southern Gothic genre quickly became popular after Edgar Allen Poe poems in the 18th century. Most writings were formed around the Civil War era, which plays an enormous part in the tone and setting in Southern Gothic writing styles. (O’Connell 63) Southern Gothic writing elements consist of â€Å"horror, romance and psychological and domestic dramas† (63). The setting of Southern Gothic was always dingy and dark whichRead MoreMary Shelley and Flannery OConnor: Gothic Isolationists1724 Words   |  7 Pages Gothic fiction is a genre of literature that combines fiction, horror and Romanticism with a particular focus on the mysterious and supernatural aspects. Gothic fiction originated in England during the latter half of the 18th century. This distinctive genre of literature soon developed into a 19th century phenomenon. The success of this dominant genre in England is frequently attributed to Mary Shelley. Despite its success during this time period, gothic fiction ceased to be a dominant genre byRead MoreSouthern Gothic Style in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find1478 Words   |  6 Pageswithin its genre. One American author, Flannery OConnor, is known for her Southern Gothic style of writing. In her short story, A Good Man is Hard to Find OConnor uses the Southern Gothic style, brought on by her background, to establish various ties between the characters and their actions. Flannery OConnor was born in Savannah, Georgia on March 25, 1925. Growing up in the Deep South, her family was of Catholic religion. During her lifetime, OConnor wrote two novels and 32 short storiesRead MoreGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 PagesAuthors use morbidly dark and eccentric characters combined with southern charm and the ever-present gender divide to tell stories that represent a writing style known as southern gothic literature. â€Å"Southern Gothic is a subgenre of Gothic fiction unique to American literature that takes place exclusively in the American South. Elements of a Gothic treatment of the South were apparent in the 19th century, ante- and post-bellum, in the grotesques of Henry Clay Lewis and the de-idealized visions ofRead MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man1467 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence their stories. Flannery O’Connor was raised in Georgia during one of the rough time periods in the South. She p uts multiple similarities in several of her stories like racism, using violence to redeem people, as well as the Old South versus the New South. O’Connor applies her writing style of Southern Gothic to show people the reality of what is happening in the South. She has put the issues that they have in different scenarios or situations that people could understand in her short stories, â€Å"ARead MoreFlannery O Connor Is Considered One Of The Most Successful Writer979 Words   |  4 PagesMary Flannery O’Connor is considered one of the most successful short story writers in history. She composed her works during a period of prosperity and economic boom following World War II. Although the economy was thriving, the 1950’s were a period of struggle for women’s rights, as well as other minorities. (Digital History) Based on her success, one could conclude O’Connor exceeded all barriers against women during the fifties. Flannery O’Connor†™s life experiences based on her faith, her novelsRead More Flannery Oconnor1301 Words   |  6 Pageson how the world was dealing with the changes. Flannery O’Connor, a prominent Catholic writer from the South, was one of the many who examined society and shared their philosophies. O’Connor shocked her twentieth century readers with the haunting style and piercing questions in her short stories and novels, which were centered on a combination of her life experiences, her deep Catholic faith, and the literature of the time. Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 into one ofRead MoreAnalysis of Southern Gothic Literature Essay examples2890 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of Southern Gothic Literature Southern Gothic literature, which is a sub-genre of the Gothic writing style, is unique to the American South. Southern Gothic literature has many of the same aspects as Gothic literature; it focuses on topics such as death, madness, and the super natural as well has having many mystical, bizarre, violent, and grotesque aspects. These tools are used to explore social issues and reveal the cultural character of the American South (Wikipedia). The authorsRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard to Find OConner Essay example1745 Words   |  7 PagesFlannery OConners Analysis: A Good Man is Hard To Find A Displaced Person Through her assortment of unpalatable characters and violent actions, OConnor tries to show grace at work in the world. According to her beliefs Christ, the Incarnate Son of God, has shown that God so loved the world that He became man Himself. Yet this God is not accepted by men, so they have to be shocked into a recognition of their need for Him and the salvation He offers. (MAYER, 1976) In this analysis IRead MoreFlannery O Connor s Writing Style1680 Words   |  7 PagesFlannery O’connor is one of the most shinning stars in American literature. Her distinct writing style makes her work recognizable and outstanding from other literature works. Many critics have commented on Flannery O’connor’s narrative voice. Louise Blackwell discovers Miss O’Connor often wrote according to southern tradition by using symbols in people’s daily life to convey the theme in a more profound way. From the perspective of the O’connor’s writing technique, Shirley Foster speaks highly of

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Early Childhood Education Essay - 875 Words

Early childhood education is one of the most important policy topics out there. Research has proven that the early years in childhood is a critical period for opportunity to develop a child’s full potential; as well as form academic, social, and cognitive skills that determine not only success in school but also their entire life (The White House). The right to a free, public education is guaranteed to all children in the United States. Early education is voluntary, and therefore some children are not given the opportunity to reach their full potential. As a staffer of the National Association for the Education of Young Children, I believe that promoting and investing in effective and high quality education programs that are affordable†¦show more content†¦It is a clear and worthy investment. The question lies in which preschool program is the most effective. Previous reviews of programs have focused on if they contributed to later success, but a few of them compared the programs on their effectiveness. A number of programs showed positive results continuing to the end of kindergarten and beyond, signifying that the preschool involvement had impacts aside from early exposure to academic content. (Johns Hopkins University, 37). Also, several programs had effects on oral language skills, which are emphasized in most preschools. Of the 27 programs evaluated, six showed strong indication of effectiveness and five had moderate evidence of effectiveness. The results for these programs were on language, literacy and/or phonological awareness. For some of the studies the significant effects were seen at the end of preschool (Direct Instruction, Interactive Book Reading), and for others at the end of kindergarten (Curiosity Corner, ELLM, Ready Set Leap!) (Johns Hopkins University, 35). It is programs that actually show results that improve academic and cognitive strength. That is why it is important to support and fund programs like these. On the othe r hand, there are some that believe early education does not improve student achievement or growth. This is because research has shown that it benefits educationally disadvantaged children while the same effect is not seen inShow MoreRelatedThe Early Childhood Education Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesKindergartens with the early childhood education society Aotearoa is a country that is bi-cultural yet multi-cultural. In the early childhood education sector there is a growing focus on diversity and achieving equality. This essay will have an emphasis on the diversity of ability, linking to the sociological concepts of ideology, mainstream and identity within a kindergarten setting. A discussion on inclusive practice will be apparent along with the roles and responsibilities of the educators withinRead MoreEarly Childhood Education And Education939 Words   |  4 PagesFirst, taking ED580 and spending time with the children has made it clear to me that early childhood (bilingual) education is what I’d love to pursue as a future career. Actually, I have long been interested in early childhood education and was intended to choose that as my major for graduate school; however, my parents urged me to choose a â€Å"broader† major such as TESOL so that I can have more career choices after graduation. Although I was not willing to, I finally compromised not to my parentsRead MoreEarly Childhood Education1761 Words   |  8 Pagesin the early childhood setting. The main objective is to identify key elements and issues in relation to the families, diversity and difference. In particular how an early childhood educator implements, different approaches to honour culture and diversity, and to advocate for social justice in an early childhood settings. As such, it allows an insight into the important role that families and their background plays in the everyday lives of the children and educators within early childhood settingsRead MoreEarly Childhood Education And Education1817 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Early Childhood Education (ECE) is also nursery education and is a branch of education theory which relates to the teaching of young children (formally and informally) up until the age of about eight. Infant/ toddler education, a subset of early childhood education, denotes the education of children from birth to age two. The history of early childhood care and education refers to the development of care and education of children between zero and eight years old throughout history. Early childhoodRead MoreReflection On Early Childhood Education1198 Words   |  5 Pagesthe past eight weeks, my insights on Early Childhood Education have given me a better understanding of issues and trends in Early Childhood Education. As I mastered this course, I have also become more knowledgeable and understanding of the needs of children and families in my community. Another way that I have been strengthened was through discussions and sharing blogs with my colleagues. On the other hand, research ing professional early childhood education topics and viewing multimedia presentationsRead MoreThe Benefits of Early Childhood Education642 Words   |  3 PagesThe prominence of early childhood education in children’s lives is now beyond questions. An initial start to life is well recognized as the foundation to future development. Not only have the children who participate in early childhood program get benefit but also the families and community. â€Å"It has been shown that children who attended early childhood centres of high quality were more successful at school, remained at school longer, and continued to achieve more after they had left schoolRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Of Children1122 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Early roots of play as a best practice for early learning was documented by Plato, a Greek philosopher, who insisted that play is considered a natural activity of childhood.†(Ingrid Crowther, 2011, Pg. 2) Early Childhood Education is a term that refers to educational programs that are devoted to children from birth to the age of eight. â€Å"Children of this age learn by exploring and investigating; therefore, their environment should support and encourage this process.†(Rebecca Isbell and Betty ExelbyRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Essays1052 Words   |  5 Pages EDUCATIONAL THRORISTS Early Childhood Curriculum â€Æ' Contents Introduction 2 Principles and Philosophy 2 Common and Differences 2 Contributions 3 Personal Reflections 4 Bibliography 5 Introduction In this assessment I will be talking about the principles and philosophy of Frobel and Montessori, what they have in common and differences, there contributions to Siolta and my own thoughts in relation to early childhood education and their impact on the learning environment Principles and PhilosophyRead MoreThe Regulations Of Early Childhood Education805 Words   |  4 Pages2. A. Choose two provinces (your home province and one other) and compare and contrast the regulations in regard to early childhood education. Regulations set by the government has a vital role to play in the quality of child care and development of any country. In Canada, there are three levels of government: Federal, Provincial and Municipal who are accountable for the system of child care in the country. Provincial or Territorial Government in Canada are responsible for regulating the child careRead MoreEarly Childhood Education ( Ece )1050 Words   |  5 Pages Early childhood education (ECE) is an area of educational theory which relates to the teaching of young children up until the age of about eight, with a specific focus on developmental education, most prominent before the start of required education. Although, parents are seen as a child s first teacher and therefore an essential part of the early learning process. There are five developmental domains of childhood development which include physical, social, emotional, cognitive

Gender Identity And Gender Oppression - 1839 Words

Gender Identity and Gender Oppression has many opinions that have varied throughout the years. The awkwardness of seeing gay or lesbian characters in movies or tv shows have been decreasing throughout the years, or has it? Seeing movies display different genders than just male and female has introduced a diverse reaction from many people. Despite the setting of the book being in this dystopian futuristic world, gender identity and gender equality is subliminally present and plays a key role in the book. Gender Identity is restricted to just straight male and females in both schools and a group called Sixers, who wishes to gain power. In addition, gender oppression can be seen through influential characters. Orphaned at a young age, Wade†¦show more content†¦The food vouchers are taken away by Aunt alice, to show Wade that she is a fierce women and not a common one. Aunt Alice is doing everything necessary in order to survive, just as Wade’s father was while raiding th e store, which led to his mistaken death. Wade can be described as superior, he is a strong independent man while his aunt is a drug addict who survives through her greediness. Gender oppression is shown through the first chapter of the book Ready Player One by Ernest Cline. The author tries to depict his mother as a good mother, but one with a bad habit to lead Wade to success. On the other hand, Cline seems to describe his Aunt as a woman with no future, without bringing down Wade. However these people in Wade’s life lead him to become an independent and resourceful man. Transitioning from Wade’s personal life to his school and social life, Cline imposes restrictions on gender identity. Apart from gaming in OASIS, Wade is just a high school senior, who attends online school as well. Wade explains his school’s daily life and describes how â€Å"the school strictly enforced dress code required that all student avatars be human, and of the same gender and age as the student. No giant two-headed hermaphrodite demon unicorn avatars were allowed. Not on school grounds, anyway† (Cline , 2011, 28). OASIS high school is not just talking about transgenders but one’s own gender identity, assigned at birth. Restricting gender equality for all,Show MoreRelatedIntersectionality Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesIntersectionality is used to understand numerous types of oppressions and discriminations against people. Although, intersectionality wasnt used as a term until the 1980’s by Kimberle Crenshaw, an american civil rights activist and feminist, as a label for the types of oppressions women of color experienced. This is crucial for our understanding of US womxy’s history. The term reflects to the reality that we all have multiple identities that intersect to make us who we are. The concept of feminismRead MoreGender Is A Complex And Controversial Phenomenon1415 Words   |  6 PagesGender remains a very complex and controversial phenomenon. Within most societies, gender is defined along binary lines- through a two-part system. Some individuals do not find it difficult being socialized and identifying with a societies’ definition of â€Å"femaleness† and â€Å"maleness†. Others, however, have a more difficult time. The term â€Å"transgender† refers to particular individuals whose gender identification does not align with what society would rather regard them as, and are based on the conventionalRead MoreIn â€Å"Two Boys Kissing, † David Levithan Shares The Stories1228 Words   |  5 Pageswho are all gay, and the experiences they have while coming to terms with it. Even though three of the main characters have different stories and are at different stages their everyday experiences are influenced by gender as a proces s, the social construction of gender, and oppression. These three concepts shape and influence the stories shared in this book, but the main theme stands true and that is to be proud of who you are as a person and an individual no matter who that may be. Ryan and Avery’sRead MoreFeminism And The Second Wave Feminist Movement1473 Words   |  6 PagesIntersectionality underscores that it is impossible to consider gender in isolation from other forms of difference. Critically discuss the significance of this, including its implications for feminism. Refer to at least 3 readings in the unit read from weeks 1-6. Intersectionality provides a key structure for analysing oppression and privilege in our modern and diverse society. Views of intersectionality have changed rapidly throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Many aspects of theRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Dehumanization Of Slavery And Its Effects On African Americans And Their Basic Forms Of1268 Words   |  6 Pagestraditions of motherhood and gender for black women. Rather than victimize Sethe’s as an enslaved woman, Morrision decides to celebrate her triumphs and suffering in Beloved. Therefore, Sethe’s identity as an enslaved black mother deconstructs the expectations of Eurocentric gender roles with her exertion of independence and control for the benefit of her children. To understand Sethe’s identity in the novel Beloved, one must acknowledge the intersectionality of her identity of being both black and aRead More Eve Kosofsky Sedgwicks Tendencies: Queerness and Oppression1208 Words   |  5 PagesEve Kosofsky Sedgwicks Tendencies: Queerness and Oppression Over the last two decades or so, the idea of queerness is one that has been utilized and considered by individuals and communities of marginalized sexualities and genders. The concept is one that has attempted to broaden and deconstruct traditional notions of gender and sexuality in order to include all of their incarnations as valid experiences and identities. Queerness endeavors to include all of those who feel they are a part ofRead MoreMovimientos de Redeldia Y Las Culturas Que Traicionan from Borderlands/La Frontera: the New Mestiza by Gloria Anzaldua1734 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to colonialism, there was no race. Colonialism was a racialized, gendered and sexualized classification of people based on race. Gender was socially constructed. This dichotomy of people was made up of the light side, the liminal side and the dark side. The light side consisted of white men, white bourgeois, colonials and white women. The light side was considered dichotomously binary where hete rosexuality was institutionalized. This dichotomy was not complementary. Men were portrayedRead MoreThe Study of Postcolonial Feminist Mahasweta Devi1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of contemporary Postcolonial feminist Mahasweta Devi’s Short Stories â€Å"Drupadi, Breast-giver, Behind the Bodice† utters the viewpoint of class and gender clearly. It underlines the fact that the society in which Mahasweta works seems to be starkly divided into two classes- the rich and privileged, and the not are unprivileged. The woman emerges to be a class of low standard has been dominated and doesn’t seem to have attained her freedom even in independent countries. Her sufferings areRead MoreHeterosexualism And Heterosexism1089 Words   |  5 Pages Heterosexism, according to Warren J. Blumenfeld, is the system of advantages given to heterosexuals based on the social construct of gender roles and heterosexual norms, while marginalizing and oppressing homosexuals and others who do not fit into the heterosexual culture (373). The enforcement of this system is known as heteronormality. This is seen in the binary system, which is a social construct that divides people into different strictly bordered categories organized by â€Å"social roles, valuesRead MoreEssay on Article Reflection: Feminist Intersectional Theorizing875 Words   |  4 PagesThis theory explores the factors that represent one’s identity. The purpose of this article is to explain the theorizing on race, class, and gender by Canadian feminist. Intersectionality portrays how women experiences are interconnected. The article â€Å"Feminist Intersectional Theorizing† written by Daiva K. Stasiulis, mainly talks about the intersectional theorizing of di fferent factors that woman in Canada encounter. The vocalization of gender and class had a breakthrough in 1970s and 1980s. Along

Logistics and Fundamental Chain Management – Zara Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Case study for Logistics and Fundamental Chain Management of Zara. Answer: Introduction Supply chain management is very fundamental aspect in ensuring business success both in its industry and in the marketin the current business world (XiangLi, 2014, p. 2). Businesses have been able to gain competitive and sustainable competitive advantage by adopting robust and outstanding supply chain management strategies. One of the primary aspects of the supply chain management which has been behind this success is logistics management(Li, et al., 2006). Logistics management is the element of the supply chain that deals with planning, implementing and controlling efficiency. Alternatively, it focuses on the storage of goods and services and any other related information starting from the organization manufacturing point through distribution to the destination of consumption in order to meet the consumer needs satisfactory(Cousins, et al., 2006). Given the potentially conflicting needs of the organization today, it is important for the company to adopt supply chain mechanism to hav e an extensive and comprehensive information on its products compete in the market(Chen, 2009). This will enable the company to align supply chain strategies either similarly or against the strategies of the competitor( Harrison Hoek, 2008, p. 15). To comprehensively and broadly understand the effectiveness of supply logistics management, this report uses the cases study of Zara Company. The paper extensively analyzes and evaluates the company logistics management strategies by comparing and contrasting them with the strategies of Dell, Myer and the United Technologies Corporation. Zara Background Information Zara is the Spanish global retailer fashion company vertically integrated into the company called Inditex. However, the company has majorly limited its operations in the continent of Europe to avoid completion in other continents especially in Asia where the company competitors have taken full advantage. The company design of manufacturing has been miles ahead of the other retailers in the industry. The company takes advantage of the new technology in developing new merchandise in combination with its robust resources to make sure the new ideas are executed as fast as possible. The company major competitors are Benetton, HM, and Gap. Among the company competitors, Zara emerges as the best regarding fashion and lower price. Vision and Mission Statement Zara vision and mission statement focuses on contributing to sustainable development of the society as well as an environment that is friendly. The sustainable society aims at improving the welfare of the general society whereas being environmentally friendly entails at establishing strategies to reduce environmental pollution by the business activities and operations. Zara Strategic Objectives The core company objectives are as follows: To expand its operations globally to increase its international market share. To expand their stores in their countries where the company already exist to increase the company profit margins. To create profit enduring growth both in the short term and in the long run. The increase the company product penetration in the market. Zara Logistics Management The Zara success is attributable to speed and quick responses to the matters that needs the company attention. This can be evidenced by the fact the company started from China 1975 and up to today, it has been able to open stores in more than 86 countries in Europe, Asia, Middle East and the United States. Besides, the company revenue sales have continued to grow annually. The company is majorly known for its ability to provide new fashion of clothes to all its stores quickly and in small batches. For example, within a week a store manager orders for clothes and two times in a week the new fashion arrives. The company has been able to achieve this competitively by efficient and effective logistics management. Reasons behind Zara Logistics Management Success Synergy between Company Operations Strategy The Zara overwhelming growth is linked to vertical integration with Inditex and diversification of the company products. After adopting the new design, the company manufactures the clothes and distributes them to the retail stores within a timeframe of two weeks. Similarly, the computer manufacturing company, Dell, was the major example of the company adopting the robust and efficient logistics management strategies. Dell manufacturing company used the direct model to reduce the cycles which are involved in the distribution of the product from the manufacturer to the final consumer. This allowed strategy allowed the Dell to hold inventory for just a few days instead of weeks. Other plays in the market were able to notice the Dell success, and its logistics management, and thus they followed the suit of shifting their goods using the direct model. From this argument, it is clear that when the company adopts the right supply chain strategies is deemed to succeed, otherwise failure will be inevitable. For example, United Technologies Corporation is widely known for its brilliant, innovative ideas. However, the company poor supply chain management have been lagging the global success of the company behind. This calls for the top company management to overhaul the company supply chain management in order the organization value stream. Just in Time Production Zara retail delivers high-quality fashion clothes which have been designed for different tastes to be able to suit different customers preferences. To ensure the production of high-quality products the company confines its production in the house. Besides, the company again makes sure that its factories have the potential to produce up to eighty-five percent during season adjustments. This ensures the customers' demands are met and addressed appropriately throughout the year. The company in-house production company allows it to be able to offer a range of new fashions as well as ensuring flexibility in in the amount and the frequency of the products manufactured. In the event of the new fashion, the company reacts very fast by designing the new fashion in large quantities(Stevenson, 2012). Some of the newly manufactured designs are distributed to the various retail stores, and the rest is kept to cater for the shortage which may arise in the market because of the uncertain delays. Each employee of the Zara is encouraged to offer feedback about the customer demands. However, most of the times are the store managers who communicate the customer feedback to the company top management as well as production department. This ensures the company designers design the products as the specifications of the customers. To meet all the customer demand effectively and satisfactory the company operates with an extra capacity to be able to address the fluctuations in demands that may arise during the year. This is because sometimes the company engages often in a significant number of shipments as well high demand from customers visiting the stores. This creates a condition of products and thus requiring the company to utilize the extra production capacity. This strategy increases the competitive advantage of the company as it can sell its products at a whole price due to the high demand. Additionally, the overall cost is reduced because marked down inventory is reduced dramat ically unlike the customer competitors. Most companies same as Zara has had efficient and successful logistics management in the segment of production. For, example Dell manufacturing company and Myer are good role models for many companies dealing with packed goods. Same as Zara, Dell, and Myer companies has been able to acquire a relatively good percentage of the market share due to the magnificent and outstanding logistics management techniques. For Dell and Myer to ensure the keep the existing as well as attract the new pool of prospects customers, the two companies adopt innovation in their production. This ensures the company tastes and preferences are kept in alignment with the changing technology. (Blanchard, 2015), acknowledges that to meet customer needs effectively and be able to cater for the dynamics in the field of business Dell needed innovation. However, not all great companies have been able to make it in the field of logistics management( Croom, et al., 2008, p. 77). Highly innovative technological compan ies such as United Technologies Corporation has failed to establish a robust and successful logistics management in its supply chain(Global Logistics Supply Chain Strategies, 2015). The company in time production has to effective as such as of Zara, Dell, and Myer due to slow flow of the company products. Inventory Management Findings indicate that piling up a lot of the inventory in the organization store may have very serious negative impacts on the company supply chain as well as logistics management(John, et al., 2011, p. 245). Either be the raw materials or the finished products the piling up of the stock should be highly avoided(Gayle Harald, 2011, p. 15). Similarly, Zara realized the importance of effective inventory management and established reliable and sustainable inventory management techniques. The company has put in place the inventory optimization models to ascertain the amount of quantity that should be made available to each retail store(Berfield Baigorri, 2015). The inventory shipped is strictly confined to ensure that each store receives only what it can sell. This avoids the building of the stock which may no longer need in the market because it has become outdated. Similarly, Dell and Myer's companies have been able to manage their inventor effectively and successfully. The companies ensure they produce only what they can sell in the market by estimating the size of their market share both locally and globally. Dells supply chain is based on continuous optimization schedule as a way of ensuring that the company supply chain is in line with the customer demands(Blanchard, 2015). On the other side, despite the United Technologies having the weak supply chain the company has been able to manage its inventory effectively. From the analysis of these three companies, it has come out clearly that inventory management is a very critical aspect of logistics management(Huh Janakiraman, 2008., p. 142). Centralized Logistics The secret behind the Zara success is centralization(Lu, 2015). The company has been able to make a decision in a comprehensive and coordinated manner. The company decisions are always made deeply, predictably and with fast rhythm with the goal of ensuring customers orders are fulfilled through the company retail stores. For example, the company sends at least two orders each week. To ensure adequate monitoring trucks departure at a specified time and also the shipments are supposed to the destination at the specified time. Upon arrival to the retail stores, the products are already priced and ready for sale. Ranging from the ordering of raw materials, production, distributing to the company retail stores allows Zara to monitor each activity to ensure everything is on the right roadmap towards the realization of the company objectives. Similarly, Dell and Myer companies have been able to coordinate their business activities using direct model supply chain. This achieved from point wh ereby the company products are shipped directly from the companies manufacturing points to appropriate destinations where the customers can pick them. However, the United Technologies has not been able to achieve this aspect successfully because of the poor supply chain management. Robust Distribution Network Zara is endowed with strong distribution network which enables the company to serve its retail stores in Europe within twenty-four hours(Loeb, 2013). Alternatively, the company manages to deliver the garments in its Asian and American retail stores within the time frame of forty hours. Likewise, Dell and Myer have effectively managed to provide their customers with their company products on time. This has been facilitated by the reliable distribution network that is supplemented with a direct model of supply chain management. On the other side, the United Technologies Corporation has been experiencing poor distribution network the act which has contributed to company poor delivery of products to its customers. Maintaining Sustainable Competitive Advantage The biggest challenge facing the majority of the businesses in the current modern world is not to achieve the competitive advantage either in the market or industry but to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage(He, 2012, p. 45). Alternatively, (Christopher Russell, 2008, p. 88)acknowledged that the sources of competitive advantage are the focal point where the businesses should base their competitive advantage sustainability from. Therefore, managers should always establish strategies that will ensure the company sources of competitive advantage are sustainable both in the short run and in the long run. Similarly, Zara became aware of this ideology and thus established the procedures for maintaining its competitive advantage. The company bases its competitive advantage on the following aspects. Operational Effectiveness: Many businesses suffer from this element by trying to perform better than other competitors in the industry. They fail to understand that each company is applying the same technique(Porter, 1985). However, Zari Company applied a different approach to this strategy. The company demand and supply chain are built on the vertically integrated strategy, unlike the company competitors who depend on outsourcing cheap labor from China. (Cuc Tripa, 2007, p. 2522). Additionally, the company business model is designed to continue providing its customers with new quality fashion styles at an affordable price. Strategic Position: Strategic positioning entails performing different activities from the business competitors or same activities but in different ways(Liqin, et al., 2009, p. 81). To gain the advantage of the strategic positioning techniques, Zara has adopted the use of technology. For example, the company target market is very wide as the company has defined its target market differently unlike the normal definition of the target market. Zara targets, educated and a young generation that understands and appreciates new fashion. With the use of technology through internet devices, the company new fashion gets know across all corners of the world. In addition to these two competitive strategies the company also has the following means of maintaining its leadership both in the market and in the industry. Unique business model unlike the majority of traditional textile designers. Creates value for their customers by provide them with the new fashions at the affordable price The online strategy has helped the company continue dominating in the market. Similarities among Zara, Dell, and Myer There I a big similarity among the three companies. The companies do not depend on the distributors to provide their products in the market but rather they sell them direct to their customers. Zara manufactures garments and offers them to the customers through its worldwide retail stores. Similarly, Dell manufactures computers and sells them direct to the customers through its website. Again, Myer sells its products directly to the customers. From the techniques of success from the three giant retail companies, it is non-arguably that other businesses should copy and adopt the formulas adopted by them. This is because the companies have been able to reduce the complicated and expensive procedures that sometimes ends making the product too expensive for the final consumer to purchase. Again, the traditional processes of availing product to the consumers are long and cumbersome. Conclusion The success of Zara is highly attributable to the vertically business integrated model. In addition to spanning design, outstanding marketing and sales strategies as well as just-in-time production and elaborative inventory management the company has been able to outperform its key competitors both in the market and in the textile industry. The company business model has to meet customer demand effectively and satisfactory within the shortest time possible. Again, the company has considered as an important resource and therefore it ensures the delivery of orders to retail stores is made on time. However, the European textile market where the company has concentrated its activities is becoming saturated. This challenges the company's future market share as well as its revenue profits. Recommendations Following the evaluation and analysis of Zara throughout the report, it has been found out the company is experiencing a very enjoyable business period. However, given the dynamics in the field of business, the company should strategically position itself to meets the future uncertainties. For example, the increasing competition in Europe where the company has greatly concentrated its operations may negatively affect the future success of the company. Therefore, this report recommends that Zara should aim expanding further in other regions of the world in order to gain compensate for its market share which may reduce in Europe. Again, the report recommends the company to adopt marketing strategies adopted by its competitors in order to be to penetrate the Asian market effectively. 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Supply chain management: the analytical framework for the critical literature review. EuropeanJournalofPurchasingandSupplyManagement, 6(1), p. 6783. Cuc, S. Tripa, S., 2007. Strategy And Sustainable Competitive Advantage- The Case Of Zara Fashion Chain. Fascicle of Management and Technological Engineering, 6(16), pp. 2521-2524. Gayle, C. A. Harald, B., 2011. How BMW successfully practices sustainable leadership principles. Strategy Leadership Journal, 39(6), pp. 11-18. Global Logistics Supply Chain Strategies, 2015. United Technologies: Supplier Insight for Better Business Performance. [Online] Available at: https://www.supplychainbrain.com/content/research-analysis/supply-chain-innovation-awards/single-article-page/article/united-technologies-supplier-insight-for-better-business-performance-1/ [Accessed 15 August 2016]. Harrison, A. Hoek, R.. v., 2008. Logistics Management and Strategy: Competing through the Supply Chain. London: Prentice Hall. He, N., 2012. How to Maintain Sustainable Competitive Advantages-----Case Study on the Evolution of Organizational Strategic Management. International Journal of Business Administration, 3(5), pp. 45-51. Huh, W. T. Janakiraman, G., 2008. "Inventory management with auction sand other sales channels: optimality of(s, S)policies. ManagementScience, 54(1), pp. 139150, John, P. M., Juan, J. G. John, R. D., 2011. Crisis management in smartphones: the case of Nokia vs. Apple. European Business Review, 23(3), pp. 240-255. Liqin, R., Guangya, X. Koos , K., 2009. Sustainable competitive advantage and marketing innovation within firms: A pragmatic approach for Chinese firms. Management Research Review, 33(1), pp. 79-89. Li, S., Ragu-Nathan, B. Subba, R. S., 2006. The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance. Omega Journals, 43(2), p. 10724. Loeb, W., 2013. Zara's Secret To Success: The New Science Of Retailing. [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2013/10/14/zaras-secret-to-success-the-new-science-of-retailing-a-must-read/#35925eb41332 [Accessed 15 August 2016]. Lu, C., 2015. Zara's secret to retail success - it's supply chain. [Online] Available at: https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/zara-supply-chain-its-secret-to-retail-success [Accessed 15 August 2016]. Porter, M., 1985. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: The Free Press. Stevenson, S., 2012. How Zara gets fresh styles to stores insanely fastwithin weeks.. [Online] Available at: https://www.slate.com/articles/arts/operations/2012/06/zara_s_fast_fashion_how_the_company_gets_new_styles_to_stores_so_quickly_.html [Accessed 15 August 2016]. XiangLi, 2014. Operations Management of Logistics and Supply Chain: Issues and Directions. DiscreteDynamicsinNatureandSociety, 2(4), pp. 1-7.

Research Foundation and Methodology

Question: Discuss about the Report for Research Foundation and Methodology. Answer: Background and significance Patient-focused consideration have not been well accomplished despite several efforts have been taken since last few decades. When an imminent death is the prognosis for the patient then the hospice care is mainly focused on the patients quality of life and decreasing the severity of the disease symptoms instead of treating the disease itself. In different nations the standards of the quality for End-of-Life Care in Hospitals have been developed in consultation with professional bodies, hospital staff, and significant others. The vision is to identify the type of the end-of life care that is required to be delivered by each hospital (Zimmermann et al., 2012). The significance of considering the area of hospice care is the fact that 50% of people dying in Australia die in acute care setting (Hiruy Mwanri, 2014). There is a necessity of quality focusing on the individual care suppliers. Further, researchers conclude form the audit reports that the care delivered to the dying people can be described as generic which can be called as care at the end of life and not end-of-life care (van der Steen et al., 2013). These researchers believe that the care suppliers lack the component of palliative care. Literature review This is the significant part of the study and literature review is essential to summarize and integrate pre-existing information. As a part of human service profession it is vital to address the issues related to care of dying patient. Search strategy To review existing literature in the area of interest, secondary source of data is used. Peer reviewed articles have been collected for review using four databases which are CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and the Dissertations and Theses Full Text Database from 2010. The search terms used for the literature search are quality of care, patient centered care, acute care, end of life care, and Palliative care. All the articles searched were based on the search terms and screened on the basis of the abstract. Further screening and elimination of articles was done on the basis of full text review. The inclusion criteria for the article search was the period of publish from 2010-2016. Only those articles published in English were used for review. Articles published in other language and those found irrelevant to the area of interest after abstract and full text review. Literature review It was found from 10 studies that since last few years, the patients long-term care has been improved and still needs to be improved in many areas (Epstein et al., 2010). One such area is the end of life care and child person care (Barry et al., 2012).). There is a vast difference between care provided in the hospital and the personal care. There is a difference in the atmosphere, care suppliers, minor and major facilities that directly or indirectly effect the quality of life of patient. As per the literature evidence, there should have been more focus on the patient centered care addressing the patient needs. Care is conveyed through scope of exercises that operationalizes individual focused nursing, which includes respecting patients values and convictions, sensitivity, reflective listening, empathy, and sharing basic leadership (Bardes et al., 2012). This would result in patients fulfillment with consideration, sentiments of prosperity and promotion of remedial society. To obtain individual focused results, characteristics of the medical attendant and the care environment are crucial (Ignatavicius et al., 2015). Some researchers argued that there are other models to elevate the consideration of fragile grownups in addition to the individual focused care. The relationship-fixated care emphasizes on the strengthening of the relationship and communication between and among staff, inhabitants and families. The Evercare Model is focused on enhancing the coordination among all the care suppliers inside the Long Term Care (LTC) centre. The genuine contrasting option to LTC is offering of proposed set up that will empower the delicate more established grown-up (Szanton et al., 2011). To comprehend the best practice, every model should be well scrutinized instead of presuming negativity. In various nations specifically US there is a demand for individual focused administrations and consideration in LTC (US Bureau of Health and Human Services, 2012). The increase of dying patients in hospitals is the other factor that caused increased emphasis on the person centered care (PCC). The key obstructions to the success of PCC include ineffectively characterized authority, absence of trust, presumptions about operational abilities, and an absence of alternative approaches. Potential arrangements integrates group building exercises, unmistakably characterized desires and part inversion, instruction on talk office assets, and input systems share triumphs, concerns and recommendations (Jones, et al., 2015). The argument in some articles directs towards improvement in PCC if there is a presence of qualified and trustable staff. Other article calls for training opportunities in hospitals specially acute care setting. Some articles have highlighted the fact that patients in critical condition demand for efficient time management for recovering in short time (Gonzalo et al., 2016). There are different models for PCC used in every country but the question is for quality control i.e. which model will improve the quality of the life of patient. Some human service association has begun to move towards patient inclination model that involves making client feel respected and empowered by regular assessment of wellbeing measurements. Self-administration bolster intercessions involves continuous evaluation of wellbeing process (Starfield, 2016). It includes the arrangement of critical thinking support to advance the patient centered care (McGowan et al., 2010). From 10 studies related to palliative care it was found that there is difficulty in understanding as to when the patient is entering the dying phase (Fitch et al., 2015). There has been some disagreement revealed in this regard between the doctors and nurses. However, there is a lack of consensus, which demonstrates that patient is dying before initiating adequate end-of-life care (Barry Edgman-Levitan, 2012). Jones, et al., (2012) highlighted that most nurses give up on patient in the palliative phase. Cherry Jacob, (2013) found out doctors continue to provide diagnostic and therapeutic interventions even after identifying that the patient is dying. Consequently, nurses are frustrated on being unable to deliver comfort-based care and that focused on controlling symptoms. Several studies have recommended that education and training for care suppliers is necessary for successful delivery of PCC. Conclusion Prior to planning of any education programmes it would be effective to conduct research studies for identifying the level of the training or education required for care suppliers in palliative care. It is necessary to establish if experience, attitude and perceptions affect the model of PCC care delivered by the nurses and doctors. It is essential to understand their perception on individual focused consideration. Thus, the purpose of this research is to understand the attitude, perceptions, knowledge of the nurses regarding the end of life care in the acute hospital setting in Australia. The rationale for investigating this area is the interest in palliative care as my sister worked in a hospice where cares for the dying patients focused on the quality of life. Aims of the study The aim of this study is to understand the perceptions of the nurses regarding the end of life care in the acute hospital setting in Australia. Objectives To identify the perceptions of nurses on end of life care To identify if the nurses knowledge and attitude is adequate for palliative care Significance and innovation of the proposed study The pre-existing literature in this area has made significant contribution in understanding the knowledge gaps pertaining to the subject. Effective results from this investigation can help by giving an indication of nurses knowledge, attitude, and experience in the areas of patient focused care. The indications will identify where can be interventions be implicated through training, education, and management. The results may contribute to change initiatives in the area of nursing research and education. This will consequently upgrade palliative care with greater emphasis on the basis of the nursing profession in general. The findings of this study will be shared with participating hospital managers and school of nursing and midwifery. Therefore, it is expected that this efforts will trigger the improvement of existing education and training for nurses in palliative care. Implications of the practice Effective research results in change in clients at a much wider level. The research findings and conclusion can make recommendations for policy-makers, practitioners, and the community. The implications will initiate change at an individual, organizational level as well as at a policy level. Research Methodology This section details the research design planned for the study, sampling method, method of data collection and analysis and ethical considerations for this study. Research design According to Mitchell Jolley, (2012), the research design is the outline of the approach taken to meet the study objectives. For this study, quantitative study design is used as it helps to study the human behavior objectively (Sarantakos, 2012). A descriptive design is selected for this study and it involves survey method. Survey method is proposed to obtain data related to nurses perspective on PCC with respect to dying patient. The researcher uses written questionnaire for collecting quantitative data including large sample size. The data will be analysed by statistical computer programs. Population/sample Population is referred to the number of units required for collecting quantitative data (Pickard, 2012). In this study, population comprises of staff nurses working in acute hospital in Australia. The population is subjected to homogenous group through inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research includes only staff nurses who are registered and working in acute-care setting. Those working with children and other agency staff nurses are excluded from the study. The researcher intends to use random probability sampling as it reduces biases and errors in quantitative study as per (Creswell, 2013). Sample size According to Barratt et al., (2015) quantitative analysis must incorporate largest sample possible. Therefore, researcher proposes to use a sample size of 200 for this investigation. The size will be finalized as per advice of the statistician at the design stage. Data collection According to Polit and Beck, (2010) the data collected from quantitative survey is used to describe and classify the perception, knowledge and behaviors of the sample. (Popping, 2012) believes that quantitative data should be systematic, objective and repeatable. For this study, researcher intends to use simplest manner of collecting data keeping in view these conditions, which is questionnaire. This instrument allows participants to give verbal or written response to the given questions. This is the convenient and inexpensive technique to collect standardized information (Crouch and Pearce, 2012). The first part of the questionnaire contains likert scale to obtain data related to nursess attitude towards palliative care. This scale is used to measure the concept without the validation process. The questions contain six options from strongly agree to strongly disagree which are rated as 1-6 for positive statements and vice versa for negative statements. The second part of the assignment consists of questions related to nurses knowledge and experience on comfort care of the dying. To avoid the low return rate close-ended questions are used with clear instructions to minimize the time consumed. Validity and reliability The extent to which an instrument measures what it intends to measure is referred to validity (Crowther and Lancaster, 2012). The questionnaire should be able to address all the aspects of the subject under the research. The researcher will take help of the experts to ensure that the questions are relevant and unambiguous and will submit the questionnaire to the panel to ensure it reflects the concepts being studied. Experienced personnel in the palliative care research will be included as judges. Reliability refers to the ability of the questionnaire to give same data upon re-administeration under same conditions (Supino and Borer, 2012). To ensure the accuracy of measurement stability test will be performed on a small sample using test-retest method. For each part of the questionnaire, reliability coefficient will be calculated with range from 0.00-1.00. Higher value indicates greater reliability of the questionnaire (Sarantakos, 2012). To check internal consistency, split half test will be used and the similarity of the data will be measured using Cronbachs alpha with a range of 0.00-1.00. Data analysis This is an integral part of the research according to Somekh and Lewin, (2011) and is the means of making sense of the collected data. The quantitative data will be put into SPSS (Social Packages for the Social Sciences) for data analysis. This computer package will calculate the frequency, central tendency, and finally illustrate the data in the form of tabular charts and bar graphs (Creswell, 2013). Inferential statistics will be used to crosscheck the variables. Throughout the analysis process, the computer records will be secured by passwords for back up and security reasons. Pilot study This study is used before conducting the main research to ensure to check that the respondents understands the questions or if there is any other problem with the instrument (Vaishnavi Kuechler, 2015). Pilot study will be conducted using 10% of the sample selected for quantitative analysis. Based on the result the instrument is modified or amended. The dummy data from pilot study will be used to test the chosen data analysis method. The participants of pilot study will not be participating in the main study. Ethical consideration Research involving human beings have a chance of emergence of ethical issues. Adequate measures will be taken to prevent emerging of such issue. For this investigation, ethical approval will be sought from the Director of Nursing and the Ethics Committee of the Hospital. Consent from all the individuals engaged in this research will be taken. They will be made aware of the purpose of the research being conducted in the hospital. Confidentiality, respect for person and beneficence /non-maleficence are the ethical principles which the researcher will upheld to the highest level. Confidentiality will be ensured by complying with the Data Protection Act 1998 (Deterding et al., 2015). The questionnaire will be designed in a way that will not compromise the autonomy and flexibility of the respondents. Study limitation The limitation for this study may include conducting research in only one acute hospital. The study may obtain a general overview of the nurses perception, knowledge, and attitude in the hospital. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies to be carried out using both qualitative and quantitative study design in other Australian cities. This will help establish more general picture of the end-of-life nursing care in acute care facilities. The rationale for recommending qualitative analysis is because of its descriptive and explanatory nature, which will make it easy to determine the nature of the phenomena under investigation (Taylor et al., 2015). Consequently, it will provide a greater perspective of care of the dying. Budget and timeline The proposed budget plan estimated for this study has been provided in the Appendix. A clear and practical time scale is essential to organize and coordinate each step of the research and to successfully integrate the steps (Creswell, 2013). For this quantitative analysis, researcher sets a time frame of 18 months. The detailed time scale for the research is provided in the Appendix. References Bardes, C. L. (2012). Defining patient-centered medicine.New England Journal of Medicine,366(9), 782-783. Barratt, M. J., Ferris, J. A., Lenton, S. (2015). 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